How to make Perfume:Absolute (fragrance)

Absolute

method : solvent extraction.

For : botanicals (too delicate) and resin.

Produces: 1. Concrete

2. Absolute

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Similar to essential oils, absolutes are concentrated, highly-aromatic, oily mixtures extracted from plants. Whereas essential oils can typically be produced through steam distillation, absolutes require the use of solvent extraction techniques or more traditionally, through enfleurage.

Production

First, an organic solvent, such as hexane, is added to the plant material to help extract the hydrophobic compounds. This solution is filtered and concentrated by distillation to produce a waxy mass called concrete. The lower molecular weight, fragrant compounds are extracted from the concrete into ethanol. When the ethanol evaporates, an oil—the absolute—is left behind.

Character and use

Absolutes are usually more concentrated than essential oils. Also, the efficiency and low temperature of the extraction process helps prevent damage to the fragrant compounds. With a good understanding of the solvent they are using, extractors can produce absolutes with aromas closer to the original plant product than is possible with essential oils produced through distillation. Examples of this are rose otto (steam distilled rose oil), as opposed to rose absolute, and neroli (steam distilled oil from the blossom of the bitter orange tree), as opposed to orange blossom absolute. Also, some botanicals are too delicate to be steam distilled and can only yield their aroma through other methods, such as solvent extraction or lipid absorption. Examples of these are jasmine, tuberose, and mimosa.
This production method leaves trace amounts of solvents in the absolutes. Therefore, absolutes are considered undesirable for aromatherapy, since it is believed that they could cause allergies and affect the immune system. However, absolutes are used extensively in perfumery because the aromatic compounds in absolutes have not undergone processes involving high temperatures. This makes them smell fresher, brighter, and jam-like. Although the solvent traces produce off-notes in the final product, this is not a problem if the absolute is of a decent quality.

The first time Labdanum Absolute from Cistus Creticus.

There are many different labdanum absolutes available.

Labdanum has a typically balsamic odour, rather flowery, herbaceous, amber-like and very tenacious. The absolute derived from labdanum from plant Cistus Creticus, is the finest, the most amber like and the least coloured.

Sunset from Aegean Sea.

Tomorrow in New York.

PXA at the Hilton Americas NY.
WEB SITE: http://www.perfumexamerica.com



WEB SITE: http://www1.hilton.com/en_US/hi/hotel/NYCNHHH-Hilton-New-York-New-York/index.do

New Season for labdanum from Cisrus Creticus.

Everywhere exists in northern Crete the perfume of laudanum from the plant Cistus Creticus.


It is one natural SPA.

Sunset from my house.
Good holidays

New Seasons: Goats with labdanum.

Goats eats (kukulia) when they was green.

Cistus Creticus without kukulia. it is easy to collect the laudanum with the traditional way.
There are Goats.


Cistus Creticus with dryly kukulia. it is difficult to collect the laudanum with the traditional way.
There aren't Goats.

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The pharaohs of ancient Egypt.

In ancient times, the resin was scraped from the fur of goats and sheep that had grazed on the cistus shrubs. It was collected by the shepherds and sold to coastal traders. The false beards worn by the pharaohs of ancient Egypt were actually the labdanum soaked hair of these goats.

Natural History Museum of Crete

"Today the morning I went the Museum of Natural History Crete."


Web Site:http://www.nhmc.uoc.gr/

The Μuseum

The framework and the Objectives

Natural History Museum of Crete has been functioning and operates under the framework of the University of Crete since 1980, being a pioneer institute at national and European level in the following activities:

* Study and Management of the Natural Environment of Crete

* Public awareness, education and sensitisation of local people as well as the visitors of the area

* Link University activities with Cretan society

* Set up a network of Ecological Museums in Greece and throughout the Eastern Mediterranean

Eastern Mediterranean is unique at a global level due to the great ecological and cultural complexity. The evenness as well as the contrast, the stability, many affinities and the special features characterizes the area.

The aim of the Natural History Museum of Crete is the study, protection and promotion of the special features of the area of Eastern Mediterranean.

The foundation and the development of NHMC were favoured by the following conditions:

* The potential of the University of Crete and its ability to promote modern technologies in the field of environment

* The geographical position of Crete, lying it the center of Eastern Mediterranean and the southernmost part of the European Union

* The warm acceptance and support of the local society

Rockrose: The Medicinal Herb for Body, Mind and Soul

An inconspicuous, ancient Greek medicinal herb is popular again. Prepared as a tea, it is three times as healthy as green tea, protects cells from premature ageing, eliminates heavy metals from the body – and even helps in case of acne and neurodermatitis. Its name: “Cistus,” rockrose, or Rock Rose.

http://www.horusmedia.de/2001-cystus/cystus-en.php


Cistu incanus from the north Crete is unique that produces the labdanum with natural traditional way. This is with most components

Perfume eXpot America June 30th - July 2nd at the Hilton Americas NY

youtobe video:

New York City

Middle East - Ancient Mesopotamia.

The Middle East in our days they exist many fact.

I want to write for the Αncient Mesopotamia and the role that it had in the history of perfumes.


1.The history of perfume starts in Mesopotamia and Egypt where the earliest traces of perfumery have been found.


2.Tapputi is in the history of chemistry considered to be the world’s first chemist, a perfume-maker mentioned in a cuneiform tablet from the second millennium BC in Mesopotamia. She used flowers, oil, and calamus along with cyperus, myrrh, and balsam. She added water then distilled and filtered several times. This is also the oldest referenced still. She also was an overseer at a palace, and worked with a researcher named Ninu.


3.Abū ‘Alī al-Ḥusayn ibn ‘Abd Allāh ibn Sīnā Balkhi', known as Abu Ali Sina Balkhi or Ibn Sina and commonly known in English by his Latinized name Avicenna (Greek: Aβιτζιανός, Abitzianos), (c. 980 - 1037) was a Persian polymath and the foremost physician and philosopher of his time. He was also an astronomer, chemist, geologist, logician, paleontologist, mathematician, physicist, poet, psychologist, scientist, and teacher.
One of the most famous exponents of Muslim universalism and an eminent figure in Islamic learning was Ibn Sina.
He was also an astronomer, chemist, geologist, logician, paleontologist, mathematician, physicist, poet, psychologist, scientist, and teacher.

Chemistry
In chemistry, the chemical process of steam distillation was first described by Ibn Sīnā. The technique was used to produce alcohol and essential oils; the latter was fundamental to aromatherapy. He also invented the refrigerated coil, which condenses the aromatic vapours. This was a breakthrough in distillation technology and he made use of it in his steam distillation process, which requires refrigerated tubing, to produce essential oils.

4. The word "Labdanum"
Labdanum: n. Also ladanum. A resinous exudation of certain Old World plant's of the genus Cistus, yielding a fragrant essential oil used in flavoring's and perfume's. [Medieval Latin, from Latin l`~adanum, from Greek ladanon, l`~edanon, from l`~edon, shrub from which labdanum exude's from Semitic, akin to or possibly ultimately from Akkadian ladunu.]


The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad (Sumerian: Agade Hittite KUR A.GA.DÈKI "land of Akkad"; Biblical Accad) and its surrounding region (Akkadian URU Akkad KI)in central Mesopotamia (present day Iraq).

Peace for All.

Aegean Sea. Immense light blue

Greece Islands